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ANODA, Cav. A critical examination brings to light carpological differences among the species of this genus which had only partially been detected before, and had not been worked out. The subjoined arrangement of the forms known to me will exhibit these points of structure, and to a certain extent set right the nomenclature of at least the North American species.

ANODA, Cav.

§ 1. EVANODA. Seed and ovule horizontal or nearly so in the mostly beaked carpels of the much depressed and radiatiform fruit, naked, or in one species with an arilliform pellicular fragile coating, the disk or upper face of the fruit strongly hispid or hirsute.

• Corolla violet or purple, varying occasionally to white: fruit mostly surpassed by the widely spreading calyx, the top beset by scattered simple bristles: herbage destitute of stellular, but commonly with some hispid pubescence: slender peduncles nearly all in axil of leaves.
  • A. HASTATA, Cav. Carpels 15 to 20, rather conspicuously beaked; the dorso-basal portion wholly thin-scarious and veinless, with slender midnerve, the sides or partitions completely obliterated at dehiscence; seed quite naked. — A. hastata, triloba, & Dilleniana, Cav. Diss. t. 10, 11. A. cristata & A. hastata, Schlecht. in Linnæa, xi. 210, 214. Sida cristata, L. S. cristata, hastata, & Dilleniana, Willd. — These I take to be all of one species, of which the larger-flowered forms, with petals about an inch long, are known only in cultivation. The typical A. hastata, with upper leaves truly hastate or deltoid, and which comes north to Texas and Arizona, has petals only half and inch, and in a depauperate form only a quarter of an inch long. I find the character of the fruit invariable. And this character of the fruit, as verified from the specimen in the Candollean herbarium, also refers here A. triangularis, DC. Prodr. i. 459. — Var. depauperata (Gray, Pl. Wright. ii. 23) is nothing more than a slender and very small-flowered from.
  • A. ACERIFOLIA, DC. Prodr. i. 459. Closely resembling A. hastata and with leaves similarly varying: carpels short-beaked or sometimes nearly pointless, the sides completely obliterated at dehiscence, the base part of the dorsal portion thin-scarious as in the preceding, but the whole gibbous upper part thicker and with strong and coarse reticulations, in age bilamellar, its endocarpial portion (half embracing the seed) becoming coriaceous and clathrate. S. hastata, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1341 ex DC., probably correctly so referred. Sida deltoidea, Hormem. Hort. Hafn. 650, is perhaps the same; perhaps also brachy..., Reichenb; but Schlechtendal, in his annotations on this genus, makes not mention of the neat and really decisive characters which distinguish the species. From the appended observation, A. hastata, A. Rich., Fl. Cub. 149, must be of the present species. My Mexican specimens are, one from Acapulco (A. hastata, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 411, at least in part), and from Batopolas in Chihuahua, Palmer, 234 (these with mainly hastate and short-petioled leave and hardly any cusp to the carpels); and from, Orizaba, Botteri, 1135, with subcordate or deltoid leaves and distinctly cuspidate carpels. No. 86 of Fendler's Venezuela collection is similar. This has some Maple-shaped leaves.
  • A. ARIZONICA. Slender, a foot or two high, with sparse and few hirsute hairs, otherwise nearly glabrous, small flowered: petals 3 lines long: leaves and also the fruit (of 8 to 11 conspicuously beaked carpels) like those of A. hastata var. depauperata, but seed invested more or less completely by a very thin and fragile veinless pelliculat coating, which is probably of carpellary origin. — S. Arizona, Lemmon, 509. Leaves cordate, deltoid-ovate, or uppermost hastate.
  • Var. DIGITATA. Leaves mostly hastate-digitate, the prolonged middle lobed narrowly lanceolate or linear, and the two lobes of each side linear and half-shorted. — S. Arizona, Lemmon, 517 of coll. 1881.
• Corolla yellow: calyx shorted-lobed, and less explanate under the densely and stellately hirsute fruit, which it hardly surpasses; upper flowers naked-racemose: pubescence minute and stellular and above with some simple soft-hirsute hairs, viscidulous.
  • A. LANCEOLATA, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 411, from the western side of Mexico, is nearly related to the following. It has the back of the mature carpels similarly but more delicately clathrate reticulate, the epidermal epicarp apparently not separating, seed hispidulous-scabrous, and petals 9 lines long.
  • A. WRIGHTII, Gray, Pl. Wright. ii. 22. New Mexico, Wright: Mexico, Schaffner. This, having been received from the Berlin Botanic Garden under the name of A. ...flora, was taken for that species in Watson's Bibl. Index and in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 330, but it will be shown that it is not the plant of Cavanilles. The dorsal portion of the 8 to 10 carpels is bilamellar at maturity, the endocarpial layer is not unlike that of A. tr...s, but larger and more clathrate reticulate, loosely half enveloping the barely puberulent seed.

§ 2. SIDANODA. Seed more or less suspended in the 5 to 10 largely umbonate, merely puberulent carpels of the moderately or hardly depressed fruit destitute of endocarpial coating: flowers small: pubescence mostly fine and stellular, no bristly hairs.

• Corolla blue to bluish-white: calyx deeply cleft, rotately spreading under the depressed fruit.
  • A. THURBERI. Slender, a foot or two high, green and barely puberulent or glabrate below the calyx, &c., puberulent-canescent: lower leaves cordate and dentate, upper hastate: flowers mostly paniculate-racemose: petals only 2 or 3 lines long: carpels 8 or 9, the whole dorsal and thickish apical portions strongly 3-nerved or the nerves confluent near the base: seed puberulent. — S. Arizona, Thurber, Wright, Lemmon. Chihuahua, Mexico, Pringle, 283, distributed as "A. parviflora, var.". To this belongs part of the two specimens taken for a depauperate from of A. hastata in Pl. Wright. ii. 23: also the plant referred to in Pl. Thurb. 308.
• Corolla yellow, sometimes changed to pink in fading: calyx shorter and less deeply cleft, ascending or appressed to and seldom surpassing the little depressed fruit: its carpels and closely enwrapped seeds nearly vertical, the inflexed apical portion short: plants paniculately branched and racemose-flowered, stellular-pubescent.
  • A. PENTASCHISTA, Gray, Pl. Wright. ii. 22. Slender, a foot or two high, minutely puberulent and more or less cinereous: lower leaves ovate or subcordate, somewhat 3 lobed; upper hastate or lanceolate, uppermost linear: calyx 2 lines long, little shorter than the yellow corolla: carpels 5, or not rarely 6 to 10, obovate-oval after dehiscence, the sides soon obliterated: seed puberulent. — S. Arizona to Texas, Wright, Thurber, Havard.
  • A. ABUTILOIDES. Taller and stouter, 3 or 4 feet high, canescent, and branches with some loose hairs: leaves all cordate, crenately serrate, caudate-acuminate, uppermost lanceolate: calyx 2 or 3 lines long, the lobes broadly ovate and apiculate: petals 4 or 5 lines long, obovate, yellow changing to pinkish in drying: carpels 5 to 7, when mature 2 lines high and less deep, obscurely umbonate, septicidally separating almost whole, the diaphanous inner walls tardily breaking up and uncasing the puberulent seed, the permanent dorsla portion deep-cymbiform, thin-membraneaceous, with thicker and firmer summit, disposed to split down the back into two valves. — Santa Catalina Mountains, S. Arizona, Pringle, 1882, distributed as "A. pentaschista" and as "Sida Berlandieri, var."

§ 3. CLEISTANODA. Seed (wholly smooth and glabrous) completely and permanently invested by a firm corrugate-reticulate or at length clathrate (doubtless endocarpial) arilliform covering: habit, flowers and pubescence of § 2.

• A. PARVIFLORA, Cav. Ic. v. 19, t. 431. Petals "yellow," but in dried specimens seeming rather to be purplish: radiate summit of fruit hirsute pubescent, and with short cusps or points; dorsal and permanent portions of carpels comparatively firm in texture with a stout midrib below, or basal part reduced to a very stout rib. — Mexico. Structure of the fruit ascertained from specimens which were cultivated in the Paris Garden in 1814. Also indigenous ones from the northern part of Mexico, i. e. in Chihuahua near Batopolas, Palmer, and near the city of Chihuahua, Pringle.
• A. RETICULATA, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 368. This species, in which the arilliform covering of the seed was first discovered by Mr. Watson, has smaller and more lobed leaves, and at length elongated naked raceme of flowers, small and "blue" corolla, and a different fruit from that of A. parviflora. The carpels are more erect, wholly muticous, barely puberulent, at maturity with exocarp bivalvular, this dividing the capsule into 10 narrowly oblong almost membranaceous and barely concave valves, liberating the still attached coarsely reticulated husks, each filled by a seed.

A. CRENATIFLORA, Ort.. Dec. viii. 96. Not having this part of Ortega's Decades, I cannot say if Cavanilles rightly referred this species to A. parviflora. If so the name has a year's priority in publication; but the petals being entire, the name may be passed by as false for this species.

A. INCARNATA, HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. v. 266, described from a plant cultivated in the Botanic Garden of Mexico, has not been identified and perhaps is not of the genus.

A. PUBESCENS, Schlecht. in Linnæa, xi. 218, from Mineral del Monte, Ehrenberg, is not made out.

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